I-MyCoplasma Pneumoniae iyi-microorganism ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane; Ingenawo udonga lweseli kepha inolwelwesi lwamaseli, futhi ingakhiqiza kabusha ngokuzimele noma inhlasele futhi ihambisane nama-parasitise ngaphakathi kwamaseli asingathwa. I-genome of mycoplasma pneumoniae incane, ngezinhlobo eziyinkulungwane kuphela. I-MyCoplasma Pneumoniae ilulaze kakhulu futhi ingazivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene kanye nama-hosses ngokubuyiselwa kofuzo noma ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. I-MyCoplasma Pneumoniae ilawulwa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwama-macrolide antibiotic, njenge-Azithromycin, erythromycin, i -cacithromycin, njll. Ezigulini ezivimbela le mishanguzo, ama-tetracycline amasha noma ama-quinolone angasetshenziswa.
Muva nje, IKhomishini Yezempilo Kazwelonke ibambe ingqungquthela yabezindaba ekuvinjelweni nasekulawuleni izifo zokuphefumula ebusika, ukwethula ukwanda kwezifo zokuphefumula kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ebusika eChina. Engqungqutheleni, ochwepheshe bathi njengamanje, iChina isingene ngenkathi yezifo eziphakeme zezifo zokuphefumula, futhi izifo ezahlukahlukene zokuphefumula ziye zahlanganiswa futhi ziphakeme, zibeka usongo empilweni yabantu. Izifo zokuphefumula bheka ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwepheshana lokuphefumula elibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-pathogen noma ezinye izinto, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula, i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, i-asthma nokunye. Ngokwemininingwane yokuqapha yeKhomishini Yezempilo Kazwelonke Nezempilo, ama-pathogens ezifo zokuphefumula eChina aphethwe ikakhulu amagciwane anomkhuhlane, ngaphezu kokusatshalaliswa kwamanye amagciwane emaqenjini eminyaka ehlukene, ngokwezingane ezineminyaka eyi-1-4; Esikhathini sabantu abaneminyaka yobudala engama-5-14 ubudala, izifo ze-mycoplasma ezibangela amakhaza avamile zibe neqembu le-5-14 yobudala, izifo ze-Mycoplasma kanye nama-adenoviruses abangela ukubanda okubandayo kwesibalo esithile sabantu; Eqenjini leminyaka engu-15-59, ama-rhinoniruses nama-neocoronaviruses angabonakala; Futhi eqenjini leminyaka engama-60 +, kunezilinganiso ezinkulu zeParapneumovirus yomuntu kanye neCoronavirus ejwayelekile.
Amagciwane omkhuhlane angama-virus amahle we-RNA, aza ngezinhlobo ezintathu, thayipha u-A, uhlobo b nohlobo C. Umkhuhlane C. Umkhuhlane we-C. Umkhuhlane we-C. Umkhuhlane unezinga eliphakeme lokuvuthisa futhi ungaholela ekuthonyeleni umkhuhlane pandemics. I-genome yegciwane lomkhuhlane liqukethe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili, ngalinye lifaka amaprotheni elilodwa noma amaningi. Amagciwane omkhuhlane ayaguquka ngezindlela ezimbili eziphambili, eyodwa i-antigenic drift, lapho kwenzeka khona ama-antigenic ngohlobo lwegciwane, okuholela ekushintsheni kwegciwane e-hemagglutinin (ha) ne-neuraminidase (NA) ebusweni begciwane; Okunye ukukhishwa kabusha kwe-antigenic, lapho ukutheleleka ngasikhathi sinye kwama-subtypes ahlukene ama-virus angenamkhuhlane ekhasini elifanayo lokusingathwa kuholela ekubuyiseni kabusha kwezingxenye zegciwane legciwane, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-subtype amasha. Amagciwane omkhuhlane aphethwe ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwama-neuraminidase ama-inhibitors, njenge-oseltamivir kanye neZanamivir, nasezifundeni ezigula kakhulu, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuyadingeka futhi.
UNeocoronavirus uyigciwane le-rna elihlanjululwe elihlanjululwe elihlanjululwe le-RNA elihlanganisiwe lomndeni wakwaCoronaviridae, onezikhathi ezine ezingezansi, okungukuthi α, Β, γ, kanye δ. Ama-SubFamilies α futhi β ngokuyinhloko athelela izilwane ezincelisayo, kanti ama-subfamilies γ futhi Δ ngokuyinhloko athelele izinyoni. I-genome of neocoravirus iqukethe ifreyimu yokufunda evulekile evulekile efaka amaprotheni ayi-16 angelona isakhiwo kanye nama-membrane (m), ama-hemagglutinin (n) ne-enzyme protein (e). Ukuguqulwa kwe-neocoronaviruses ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamaphutha ekuphindaphindweni kwegciwane noma ukufakwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezingelona iqiniso, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-gene gene, okuthinta ukutholwa kwegciwane, i-pathogenicity kanye nekhono lokuphunyuka emzimbeni. Ama-NeocoRonaviruses aphethwe ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezi-antiviral ezifana ne-ridecivir neLopinavir / Ritonavir, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuyadingeka futhi.
Izindlela eziphambili zokulawula izifo zokuphefumula zinjengokulandelayo:
Ukugoma. Imithi yokugoma iyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi ungavusa umzimba ukukhiqiza ukungavikeleki kumagciwane. Njengamanje, iChina inemijovo ehlukahlukene yezifo zokuphefumula, okufana nokugomela umkhuhlane, umuthi wokugomela umqhele, umuthi wokugomela i-Pneumococcall, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, iziguli ezinezifo ezingaphansi kwezifo, izingane kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Gcina imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka. Izifo zokuphefumula zisakazeka ikakhulu ngamaconsi futhi zixhumana, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusakazeka kwamagciwane ngokugeza izandla zakho ngokugeza njalo, ukumboza umlomo nempuphule lapho ukhwehlela noma ungenzi lutho, futhi ungakhangi, hhayi ukwaba izitsha.
Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi futhi ezinomoya omuhle. Izindawo eziphithizelayo nezinomoya ezingenampilo ziyizingozi ezinobungozi obukhulu bezifo zokuphefumula futhi zithambekele ekuthelelekeni kokutheleleka kwamagciwane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuvakasha kulezi zindawo, futhi uma kufanele uhambe, ugqoke imaskhi futhi ulondoloze ibanga elithile lomphakathi ukugwema ukuxhumana nabantu.
Ukuthuthukisa ukumelana komzimba. Ukumelana nomzimba kungumugqa wokuqala wokuvikela ngokumelene namagciwane. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ukungavikeleki emzimbeni futhi unciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka ngokudla okunengqondo, ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo, ukulala okwanele, kanye nesimo esihle sengqondo.
Naka ukuqhubeka ufudumele. Amazinga okushisa ebusika aphansi, futhi ukukhuthaza okubandayo kungaholela ekunciphiseni umsebenzi wokuzivikela kwe-mucosa yokuphefumula, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-pathogen ahlasele. Ngakho-ke, naka ukuqhubeka ufudumele, ugqoke izingubo ezifanele, ugweme ukubanda futhi umkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane, ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kokushisa kwangaphakathi nomswakama, futhi kugcinwe umoya omncane we-Indoor.
Funa ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma izimpawu zezifo zokuphefumula ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu nobunzima ekuphefumuleni kwenzeka, kufanele uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha ejwayelekile ngesikhathi, ungathathi futhi uphathe umuthi ngokwakho noma ukubambezeli. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele wazise iqiniso udokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezobuciko nokuvezwa, futhi ubambisane naye ekuphenyweni okuwukuthi uphenyo lwezobusuku kanye nasekufeni kwezomnotho ukuvikela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-15-2023