I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae iyi-microorganism ephakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane; ayinawo udonga lweseli kodwa inolwelwesi lweseli, futhi ingazala ngokuzimela noma ihlasele futhi isakaze ngaphakathi kwamaseli ayisitha. I-genome ye-Mycoplasma pneumoniae incane, inezakhi zofuzo ezingaba yi-1,000 kuphela. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingazivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene kanye nabasitha ngokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo noma ukuguqulwa. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ilawulwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic e-macrolide, njenge-azithromycin, i-erythromycin, i-clarithromycin, njll. Ezigulini ezingamelani nale mithi, i-tetracyclines noma i-quinolones emisha ingasetshenziswa.
Muva nje, i-National Health Commission ibibambe ingqungquthela yabezindaba mayelana nokuvimbela nokulawula izifo zokuphefumula ebusika, yethula ukwanda kwezifo zokuphefumula kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ebusika eShayina, futhi iphendula imibuzo evela kwabezindaba. Engqungqutheleni, ochwepheshe bathi njengamanje, iShayina isingene enkathini yokwanda kwezifo zokuphefumula, futhi izifo ezahlukahlukene zokuphefumula zihlangene futhi zibekwe ngaphezulu, zibeka usongo empilweni yabantu. Izifo zokuphefumula zibhekisela ekuvuvukeni kolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomgudu wokuphefumula okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-pathogen noma ezinye izinto, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu, i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, i-asthma njalo njalo. Ngokusho kwedatha yokuqapha ye-National Health and Health Commission, izifo ezibangelwa izifo zokuphefumula eShayina zibuswa kakhulu ngamagciwane omkhuhlane, ngaphezu kokusabalala kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emaqenjini ahlukene eminyaka, isibonelo, kukhona nama-rhinovirus abangela umkhuhlane ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1-4 ubudala; Kubantu abaneminyaka engu-5-14 ubudala, ukutheleleka kwe-Mycoplasma kanye nama-adenovirus abangela umkhuhlane ovamile anezinga elithile labantu; eqenjini elineminyaka engu-15-59 ubudala, ama-rhinovirus kanye nama-neocoronavirus angabonakala; kanti eqenjini elineminyaka engu-60+ ubudala, kunezinga elikhulu le-parapneumovirus yabantu kanye ne-coronavirus evamile.
Amagciwane omkhuhlane angama-RNA angenazo izinhlobo ezinhle, afika ngezinhlobo ezintathu, uhlobo A, uhlobo B kanye nohlobo C. Amagciwane omkhuhlane A anezinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka futhi angaholela ezifweni zomkhuhlane. I-genome yegciwane lomkhuhlane inezingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili, ngayinye ehlanganisa iphrotheni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Amagciwane omkhuhlane ayashintsha ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko, enye i-antigenic drift, lapho kwenzeka khona izinguquko kuma-gene egciwane, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-antigenic ku-hemagglutinin (HA) kanye ne-neuraminidase (NA) ebusweni begciwane; enye i-antigenic rearrangement, lapho ukutheleleka ngasikhathi sinye kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane omkhuhlane esitokisini esifanayo somsingathi kuholela ekuhlanganisweni kabusha kwezingxenye zezakhi zofuzo zegciwane, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo ezintsha. Amagciwane omkhuhlane alawulwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-neuraminidase inhibitors, njenge-oseltamivir kanye ne-zanamivir, futhi ezigulini ezigula kakhulu, ukwelashwa okusekelayo okunezimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga nakho kuyadingeka.
I-Neocoronavirus iyigciwane le-RNA elinomqondo owodwa elinomqondo omuhle elivela emndenini we-Coronaviridae, onemindeni emine engaphansi, okungukuthi i-α, i-β, i-γ, ne-δ. Imindeni engaphansi i-α ne-β ihlasela kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo, kuyilapho imindeni engaphansi i-γ ne-δ ihlasela kakhulu izinyoni. I-genome ye-neocoronavirus iqukethe uhlaka lokufunda oluvulekile olude olufaka amaprotheni ayi-16 angewona awesakhiwo kanye namane awesakhiwo, okungukuthi i-membrane protein (M), i-hemagglutinin (S), i-nucleoprotein (N) kanye ne-enzyme protein (E). Ukuguqulwa kwama-Neocoronavirus kubangelwa kakhulu amaphutha ekuphindaphindweni kwegciwane noma ukufakwa kwezakhi zofuzo zangaphandle, okuholela ekushintsheni kokulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo zamagciwane, okuthinta ukudluliswa kwegciwane, ukugula kanye nekhono lokuphunyuka komzimba. Ama-Neocoronavirus aphathwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa imithi yokulwa namagciwane njenge-ridecivir kanye ne-lopinavir/ritonavir, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa okusekelayo okunezimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga nakho kuyadingeka.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokulawula izifo zokuphefumula yilezi ezilandelayo:
Ukugoma. Imithi yokugoma iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi ingakhuthaza umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize amasosha omzimba ngokumelene namagciwane. Njengamanje, iShayina inemithi yokugoma eyahlukahlukene yezifo zokuphefumula, njengomjovo womkhuhlane, umjovo omusha womqhele, umjovo we-pneumococcal, umjovo we-pertussis, njll. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abafanelekile bagonywe ngesikhathi esifanele, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, iziguli ezinezifo eziyisisekelo, izingane kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezibalulekile.
Gcina imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu. Izifo zokuphefumula zisakazeka kakhulu ngamaconsi kanye nokuxhumana, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane ngokugeza izandla zakho njalo, uvale umlomo wakho nekhala ngethishu noma ngendololwane uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, ungakhafuli, futhi ungabelani ngezitsha.
Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi nezingenawo umoya kahle. Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi nezingenawo umoya kahle ziyizindawo eziyingozi kakhulu yezifo zokuphefumula futhi zithambekele ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuvakashela lezi zindawo, futhi uma kufanele uye, gqoka imaski futhi ugcine ibanga elithile lokuxhumana nabantu ukuze ugweme ukuxhumana nabanye.
Thuthukisa ukumelana komzimba. Ukumelana komzimba kuyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba nokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngokudla okunengqondo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba okulinganiselwe, ukulala ngokwanele, kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle.
Qaphela ukugcina ufudumele. Amazinga okushisa asebusika aphansi, futhi ukukhuthazwa kokubanda kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza komzimba wokuphefumula, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amagciwane angene. Ngakho-ke, qaphela ukugcina ufudumele, gqoka izingubo ezifanele, ugweme umkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane, ulungise izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama endlini ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ulondoloze umoya opholile endlini.
Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kuvela izimpawu zezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, kufanele uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha esivamile ngesikhathi, uxilonge futhi welaphe lesi sifo ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela, futhi ungathathi imithi wedwa noma uhlehlise ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngeqiniso ngomlando wakho wezifo kanye nowokuchayeka, futhi ubambisane naye ophenyweni lwezifo kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 15-2023